In this talk, I will try to make a summary of how the use of neurobiology and in particular neuroimaging has tried to expand the knowledge about mental disorders and their causes and their treatments. From the very first studies on PET and fMRI on mental disorders to the most recent approaches with machine learning and multimodal approaches the role of neurobiology to improve diagnosis or treatment and to develop or refine treatments will be discussed. The limits of the current approach and some methodological issues will be presented. To continue, I will suggest how the lack of an appropriate strong enough gold standard for the diagnosis of mental disorders might explain some of the apparent failures in this type of research.
Possible ideas on how to continue to study mental disorders in neuroscience will be finally proposed and possibly discussed.
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